密闭舱室内爆炸致兔损伤的伤情分析

Evaluation of blast injury in animals in closed cabins

目的探讨密闭舱室内爆炸致实验兔损伤的伤情特点及分布规律。方法按1∶1比例建造多舱室船舶模型并模拟内部典型结构,舱室内实验动物共计76只兔。按照先实弹后裸弹、先小口径后大口径的顺序分为4组,然后实验动物按不同舱室以及机柜前后(按相对爆源位置定义前后)随机分为5个亚组。采用两种口径实/裸弹分别于舱室内部引爆,观察实验动物死伤情况。结果整体死亡率为59.2%。实弹组死亡率(63.2%)与裸弹组死亡率(55.3%)之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.484);大口径组死亡率(73.7%)高于小口径组死亡率(44.7%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。小口径弹药爆炸中各舱室死亡率差异无统计学意义(P=0.128);大口径弹药爆炸中,各舱室死亡率不全相等(P=0.000),其中当舱死亡率最高,之后分别是邻舱和隔舱。造成死亡的主要原因是冲击波和爆炸破片导致的重要脏器的损伤。结论船舶多舱室结构中,舱室整体结构及内部机柜在一定范围内对舱室内人员有明显的防护作用。大口径弹药爆炸的伤亡率明显大于小口径弹药爆炸,实弹与裸弹的致伤类型及死亡率未见明显差异。以上伤情特点为密闭舱室爆炸时内部人员的防护及救治提供了一个新的尝试方向。

Objective To investigate the main features and distribution pattern of blast injury in animals in close cabins ofthe ship. Methods The multi-cabin ship model was built by scale of 1 ：1 and typical internal structures were simulated as the practical ship. Seventy-six experimental rabbits were placed in the cabins. The animals were divided into 4 groups, by the sequence of live am-munition the first, rude ammunition the second, small caliber ammunition the first, large caliber ammunition the second. Then, the an-imals were randomly designated into 5 sub- groups, by the way of their positions in different cabins, and their positions in front of cabi-nets or behind cabinets. Two types of caliber live and rude ammunitions were exploded in the cabin. Then close observations were made on the death and injury of the animals. Results Total mortality rate of the animals was 59. 2 % , and the mortality rate of the live ammu-nition group was 63. 2% , and there was no statistical significance, as compared with that of the nude ammunition group（55. 3% ） （P = 0. 05） . The mortality rate of the large caliber group was. 73. 7 % , which was higher than that of the small caliber group（44. 7 % ） , and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups （P =0.010）. There was no statistical signifi-cance in the mortality rates of various cabins in the explosions of small caliber ammunition （P = 0. 128）. The mortality rates of various cabins in the explosions of large caliber ammunition were not identical （P = 0. 000） , with the mortality rate of the explosion cabin being the highest, the neighboring cabin and the next-door cabin came the next. The main culprits for the mortalities were shock wave and blast fragments which caused severe injury to important organs of the body. Conclusion In the multi-cabin configuration of the ship, the integrated cabin structure and inboard cabinets could offer significant protection to personnel inside. The mortality rate caused by large caliber ammunition was significantly larger than that of the rate caused by small caliber ammunition. However, there was no statis-tical significance in the mortality rates caused by live ammunition and nude ammunition. The above casualty features provided a new re-search orientation in the protection and medical care of personnel onboard, when explosions occurred in the close cabins of the ship.