海难环境救助报酬体系的发展与完善

Development and Improvement of Maritime Salvage Award System

海难污染是现代海洋污染的重要因素,而传统海难救助并不包括环境救助,因而导致海难环境污染问题愈发严重。只有通过海难救助报酬体系的不断发展与完善,环境救助问题才能得到很好解决。本文由"无效果,无报酬"规则,到"安全网"条款,再到现行海难救助报酬体系和船东互保协会特别补偿条款,系统阐述了海难救助报酬体系的发展历程,提出在国际救助公约中引入船东互保协会特别补偿条款等解决方案。

Marine pollution is an important factor of modern sea pollution. But traditional marine salvage does not include environmental salvage,which leads to the problem of marine environmental pollution becoming more serious than before. Only by means of the development and improvement of marine salvage award system can the problem of environmental salvage be solved. The paper systematically expounds the development process of the system,changing from the rule of 'no result,no pay'to the clause of 'safety network',and then to present marine salvage award system and SCOPIC agreement. Moreover,it holds that it is necessary to use SCOPIC agreement in international salvage convention to deal with the problems concerned.