县域贫困治理的“精准度”困境及其反思

Governance Predicament of Targeted Poverty Alleviation of County Towns and Reflection Concerned

县域贫困治理是国家脱贫攻坚行动在基层传递的"最后一公里",按照"精准扶贫"的总体要求,县乡扶贫开发工作需要在"精准识别""精准帮扶"和"精准退出"3个阶段里全程参与国家各项减贫政策在基层社会的传递。借助在L县的田野观察可以发现,在实践层面,县域贫困治理运行于自上而下高度动员的科层体系末梢,同时面对着乡土情境的异质性特点和复杂的地方文化网络。"行政体系理性化"的制度安排与"治理实务在地性"之间存在着一定的张力,遂导致在"精准识别""精准帮扶"和"精准退出"3个环节中出现了一定程度的"精准度"困境。

Poverty governance of county towns is the last step for the state to take action to fight against poverty. Based on the general requirements of targeted poverty alleviation,the local administration of county towns should participate in the three stages of targeted identification,targeted helping and targeted exit. Built on the field investigation in L county town,it is found that at practical level targeted poverty alleviation of county towns runs in the end of the top-down section system,bears heterogeneous features with local context and connects with complex local social and cultural network. There is tension between rational administrative system and local administration practice,which leads to the predicament of targeted poverty alleviation to some extent.