论自然人和单位共同实施不纯正单位犯罪的刑事责任

The Criminal Responsibility of Person and Unit in the Non-typical Unit Crime

自然人和单位共同实施不纯正的单位犯罪,犯罪的数额低于单位犯罪的数额标准却高于自然人犯罪的数额标准时,该如何处理成为一个问题。司法解释的方案实践效果不佳,且与刑法基本原理相悖。学界观点面对具体问题时也不能妥当处理。问题关键在于中国刑法的立法定量模式如何与德、日刑法背景下的舶来理论有机融合。检讨现有数额犯的理论,将数额作为违法性要素看待,并在此前提下解决该问题,虽部分否定了构成要件违法推定机能,但并不是对教义学方法的违背而是对教义学知识的重构。由此,可以实现舶来理论的本土自洽及功能自足。

When a person and a unit commit a non-typical unit crime together,in which the amount of money involved is below the standard of a unit crime yet above that of a natural person 's crime,it still remains a problem as to how to determine the criminal responsibility. In practice the judicial interpretation is ineffective,and runs counter to the basic principles of the criminal law. The academia also fails to solve such specific problems. The key issue is how to merge the borrowed theory under German and Japanese criminal background in terms of quantification in legislation in China. Reviewing the existing theory of crime of amount,we find that if we view the amount as an illegality element,although the illegal presumption function of constitutive requirements is partially negated,it does not work against the doctrine of approach but works for the reconstruction of doctrinal knowledge. As a result,it is possible to realize the local self-consistency and functional self-sufficiency of the borrowed theory.