社会参与对老年人认知功能的影响

The Effect of Social Participation on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults

目的考察社会参与程度对老年人认知功能的影响,为轻度认知功能障碍的预防提供理论依据。方法采用自编社会参与程度问卷评估老年人的社会参与情况,采用简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评估老年人的认知能力。对234例60岁以上老年人的社会参与程度及认知能力进行调查,分析老年人社会参与对其认知功能的影响。结果年龄、受教育水平、婚姻状况、居住情况不同的老年人的认知功能比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拥有良好人际网络(夫妻关系、子女/孙关系、亲朋关系较好,亲朋来往频繁)、积极参与闲暇活动的老年人认知功能较好(P<0.05)。在控制年龄、受教育水平后,社会参与程度对MMSE总分、定向力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力和语言能力有正向预测作用(△R^2=0.02~0.11,P<0.05)。结论积极的社会参与是认知老化的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the effect of social participation on cognitive functions of older adults and provide evidence for the intervention of mild cognitive impairment（MCI）.Methods The self-designed questionnaire of social participation and the mini mental state examination（MMSE）were used to investigate and analyze the social participation and cognitive functions of 234 older adults who were all over 60 years old.Results Older adults of different age groups,educational levels,marital status and living conditions were significantly different from each other in cognitive functions respectively（P〈0.05）.The older adults who had a good interpersonal support system including the relationship with their spouses,children and grandchildren,relatives and friends,and the connection with their relatives and friends）and those were actively involved in leisure activities performed significantly better in cognitive functions（P〈0.05）.In addition,the social participation was a positive predictor for the total score of MMSE,directional ability,attention and calculation,memory ability,and language ability（△R^2=0.02~0.11,P〈0.05）when the age and educational levels were taken as the control variables.Conclusion Active social participation is a protective factor of cognitive aging.