烷基化技术进展及其在汽油升级中的关键作用分析

Progress in Alkylation Technology and its Key Role in Gasoline Upgrading

烷基化油具有零芳烃、零烯烃、低硫、低蒸汽压及高辛烷值等特点,是理想的清洁汽油调和组分,对汽油池的整体性质提高效果显著,因此成为国Ⅵ阶段汽油产品升级的一项重要措施,烷基化技术也成为炼厂提高汽油产品质量采用的关键措施之一。液体酸烷基化作为烷基化技术中最为成熟可靠的路线,市场占有率最高,但该技术存在废酸再生、环境污染及设备腐蚀等问题;相对而言,固体酸烷基化、离子液体烷基化及间接法烷基化生产过程更为环保,但技术瓶颈在于原料适应性、装置经济性及催化剂的失活及再生存在挑战。因此,开发高反应活性及选择性的催化剂是未来工作的重点。随着烷基化技术的不断创新,烷基化在汽油升级换代过程中的作用愈发显现,截至2015年上半年,国内烷基化装置产能在14.12Mt/a左右,预示着烷基化市场广阔的发展前景。

With characteristics of zero aromatics,zero olefin,low sulfur,low Reid vapor pressure and high RON, alkylate is an ideal blending component for clean gasoline and can remarkably improve the overall properties of the gasoline pool.So alkylate has become an important measure for National VI gasoline upgrading,and alkylation technology has become one of the key measures to improve the quality of gasoline product.Liquid acid alkylation,the most mature technology among all the alkylation technologies,has the largest market share,but there are some problems such as waste acid regeneration,environmental pollution and equipment corrosion.Solid acid alkylation,ionic liquid alkylation and indirect alkylation are more environmental,but their technical bottlenecks include the adaptability of feedstock,the economics of unit and the deactivation and re- generation of catalyst.Therefore,the development of catalyst with high reaction activity and selectivity is the focus of work in the future.With the continuous innovation of alkylation technology,the role of alkylation in gasoline upgrading becomes more and more alkylation units reached 14.12Mt/a,indicating prominent.As of the first half of 2015,the capacity of domestic the broad development prospect of the alkylation market.