“法不禁止皆自由”的宪政监督

The Proposed Constitutional Supervision by "All is Permissible unless Prohibited"

应明确"法不禁止皆自由"的构成要素,包括禁止"什么"、"谁"自由、"何种"自由,理论前提;其局限性包括"禁止"的验证标准模糊和不确定性,"禁止"应具有程序性或形式性,自由存在内在权利界限,外在环境限制等。借助利益、价值分析的价值衡量工具,探讨"法不禁止皆自由"的宪法地位,建议以其弥补宪法监督原则不足,建议在司法审查中明确"法不禁止皆自由"的原则地位、冲突条款的裁量规则和方法。建议行政许可设置的必要性标准要素与司法审查的合理性标准要素,分析行政许可决定与法律、行政合同的效力冲突问题,讨论行政许可类硬法与软法之法理配置和理性选择规则。

The ＂ all is permissible unless prohibited＂ principle expands the concept of rights and enjoys constitutional significance, but lacks explicit constitutional position. The ＂ All is Permissible unless Prohibited＂ principle includes the elements of ＂ objects＂ , ＂ subjects＂ and patterns＂. The inner mechanism includes the premise of the theory and the expansion of rights and freedom. The limitations include the vague and uncertain test standards, the lack in procedure or formality, the inner boundary of rights in freedom, outer limitations, influences and conflicts. In the end, the constitutional supervision standard of ＂ All is Permissible unless Prohibited＂ is the advice to reduce the uncertainty with interests analysis tools of interest and value balance after the discussion of the principles constitutional ground. The conflicts among the administrative contract, grant decision and laws are ana- lyzed. The rational arrangement and selective rule of hard law and soft law are discussed