正当防卫的正当化根据研究

Research on the Foundation of Justification for Legitimate Defense

正当防卫的正当化根据直接决定了正当防卫行为虽然具有构成要件符合性,但为何能被正当化的问题。正当化根据的选择还影响到正当防卫的成立、防卫行为相当性的判定、防卫过当责任形式的认定以及防卫过当减免处罚根据的确定等。正当防卫正当化根据的确定与违法性本质的理解密切相关。根据我国刑法规定的方式以及结果无价值论所具有的天然优势,决定了在违法判断上应当采取结果无价值论的立场。在正当防卫中存在着保全法益与侵害法益对立的双方,在法益的比较衡量中不法侵害者的法益在必要限度内丧失了要保护性,因此,保全法益优越于侵害法益,正当防卫正当化的根据就是法益衡量说内部的优越利益原理。同时,基于法益衡量说坚持"结果行为"的违法性判断的思考进路,能够妥当地解决正当防卫的相关问题。

The foundation of justification for legitimate defense directly decides that the justifiable defense behavior is consistent with the constitutive requirements, but it can be justified. The foundation of justification for legitimate also affects the establishment of legitimate defense, the judgment of equality and the form of culpability of excessive defense, as well as the foundation for deduction or exemption of punishment of excessive defense, etc. It is closely related to the essential nature of illegality. According to the form of our country~ criminal law and the advantage of the theory of Erfolgsunrecht （ result - oriented illegality ） , we shall take the theory of Erfolgsunrecht as standpoint. There exist both preservation of legal interest and infringement of legal interest in legitimate defense. Through the weighing legal interest, the legal interest of unlawful infringer cant be protected in the necessary lim- its. So the p~＇eservation of legal interest is superior to the infringement of legal interest, and the foundation of justi- fication for legitimate defense lies in the principle of prior interest that is one theory of the weighing of legal inter- est. Meanwhile, taking its logical way of thinking of ＂ consequence conduct＂, we can properly resolve the prob- lems related to the legitimate defense.