更新残疾观改变残疾状态

Renewing the Concept of Disability for Changing the Condition of Disability

本文从残疾人的称谓、特征、定义、来源、分类、目标、政策和社会地位等八个方面比较了传统残疾观和现代残疾观,并以肢体残疾人、视力残疾人、听力残疾人为例,指出两种残疾观的重要区别在于与环境的不同关系。传统残疾观认为残疾是自己得病导致损伤的后果,与环境无关,改造环境只是社会对残疾人的怜悯和施舍,致使残疾人自卑和绝望;现代残疾观则认为,残疾是个人与环境相互作用的一种状态,与环境密切相关,残疾人之所以难以为社会做贡献,除自身损伤外,还由于环境的障碍。而残疾人的"残疾"状态是可以改变的,主要是用辅助器具来创建无障碍环境后,就能发挥残疾人的潜能,并与健全人一起共建和谐与文明社会,使残疾人对未来充满希望。本文提出,要改变残疾人的命运,必须先更新残疾观,再通过现代康复措施来改变残疾状态。

The comparison between traditional concept of disability and modern concept of disability concerning eight components i.e. the title, characteristics, definition, source, classification, goal, policy and social status of persons with disability {PWD）, as well as the examples of persons with physical, visual and hearing disability are introduced by this paper so that the important difference between each other is different relationship with the environment. Traditional concept of disability believes that the disabili~ is a consequence of the impairment resulted from their own illness and independent on the environment, and that transforming the environment is just social compassion and charity for PWD, so that the disabled is inferiority and despair. Modern concept of disability believes that the disability is the condition which results from the interaction between the man and the environment and related to the environment so that the reason why PWD is difficult to contribute to the society is due to the barriers from the environment except its own impairment. Therefore, the ＂condition＂ of disability can be changed after the accessibility is created with assistive devices so that the potentiality of PWD can be played and PWD have the hope for the future to build a harmonious and civilized society with non- disabled people together. This paper points out that the destiny of PWD can be changed so long as to renew the concept of disability first and then to change the condition of disability by using of modern rehabilitation measures.