北方沙化土地退耕还林工程生态系统服务功能特征及其对农户福祉的影响研究

THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS IMPACTS ON FARMERS' WELL-BEING FOR GRAIN FOR GREEN PROJECT IN NORTHERN DESERTIFICATION AREAS

生态工程实施的主要目的是改善当地生态环境质量,提高当地农户福祉也至关重要。以北方沙化土地退耕还林工程作为研究对象,研究了该区2015年防风固沙、净化大气环境、固碳释氧、涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质6项生态系统服务功能的空间分布格局,并分析了生态系统服务与农户福祉的关系模式。结果表明,区内退耕还林工程生态系统各项服务从东部到西北部均呈现出逐渐递增的趋势,其中内蒙古自治区和新疆生产建设兵团发挥的各项生态服务功能总体上最强;基于退耕还林工程生态系统服务与农户福祉的空间聚集状态,划分为低服务低福祉模式、调节服务依赖模式和高服务高福祉模式,依据3种模式的各自特征,分别提出了有效的基于农户福祉的退耕还林工程管理方法,进而为未来提高该区退耕还林工程实施的生态效率和当地农户福祉提供借鉴。

The main purpose of eco - engineering is to improve the quality of local ecological environment and to improve the well - being of local farmers. The Grain for Green Project in Northern desertification areas is taken as the research objec, t. In this paper, the spatial distribution pattern of windbreak and sand fixation, atmosphere environment purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation, soil conservation, and nutrient accumulation in 2015 were studied. And the relationship between ecosystem services and farmers＇well -being were analyzed. The results show that the ecosystem services of Grain for Green Project increased from east to northwest, especially the ecological services in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to play general were the highest. Based on the spatial agglomeration status of ecosystem services and farmers well - being in Grain for Green Project, it can be divided into three spatial patterns ： high well - being with high ecosystem services, farmers wellbeing depending on regulating ecosystem services, and low well - being with low ecosystem services. According to the characteristics of the three spatial patterns, an effective management method for Grain for Green Project based on farmers＇well - being were put forward, and then provide reference for improving ecological efficiency for implementation of Grain for Green Project and local farmers well - being in the area for the future.