恩格斯《自然辩证法》生态哲学思想解读

An Interpretation of Engels' Ecological Philosophy in Dialectics of Nature

恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中建构了可以引领人类走进生态视界的辩证自然观,并以此为基点充分阐发了其中的生态哲学思想。表现在通过对自然界、人、劳动三维镜像的理论透析,成像出自然界之先在性、人之能动性以及劳动对于二者之中介性的生态图景。自然理性内涵于自然规律之中,表现为自然规律性;而人的理性在于懂得如何在生态约束下利用自然规律,绿色发展的生态观诉求在于两者统一。在寻求两者统一过程中,人在思维上经历了一个由机械到辩证的嬗变,这种嬗变是对自然整体主义的深刻理解,也是其生态整体意蕴的凸显。在当代重新挖掘经典作家文本中的卓越生态思想,具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。

In Dialectics of Nature, Engels constructs a dialectic view of nature which can lead man- kind into ecological field. Based on the vision, the ecological philosophy thought is thoroughly explained. It is shown by the theoretical analysis of the three dimensional images of nature, human beings and labor, demonstrating preexistence of nature, initiative of human beings, and the intermediary ecological view of labor for the former two. Natural reasons are embodied in the laws of nature shown as natural laws~ Men＇ s reasons lie in understanding of making use of natural laws under ecological constraints. Ecological view of green development appeals the unity of the two. In the process of seeking the unity of the two, human be- ings experienced the evolution from mechanical to dialectical in thinking, which is a profound understand- ing of the natural holism, and also the highlight of its ecological implication. In the contemporary era, it is of great academic and practical significances to restudy the excellent ecological thoughts in the texts of the classical writers.