北方沙漠商路上的居延汉简

On the Northern Desert Trade Route's Juyan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty

自古以来,我国北方民族在沙漠中开辟出一条通向中亚地区的商路,1927年中瑞西北科学考察团的路线,就是沿着这条通道西行,在国内的路线是:北平—包头—百灵庙—阿拉善—额济纳—哈密—迪化。本文探讨在这条商路上的居延汉简,其出土地点今属内蒙古阿拉善盟额济纳旗。太初三年(前102)汉武帝派强弩都尉路博德率军筑居延塞,建成绵延几百里的长城、障燧、烽台,在遗址中留下了几万枚简牍,记录了军旅生活、与当地居民的交流,是当时政治、军事、经济、社会活动的真实反映。1930年由西北科考团瑞典的贝格曼首次发现,后编成《居延汉简甲编》《居延汉简甲乙编》等,震惊世界。1972年甘肃省考古队等组织挖掘,编辑成《居延新简——甲渠候官》和《肩水金关汉简》;1999年内蒙古文物考古队再次发掘,编辑成《额济纳汉简》。本文概述在70多年里这三次发掘经过、简牍的出土整理、注释出版简况,探讨其在秦汉史、文化史上的重大意义,文末简介作者20年的简牍年代学研究心得。

Since ancient times, the northern nationalities in China opened desert trade route to Central Asia. The desert trade route is followed along by the Sino-Swedish scientific expedition to the north-west- ern provinces of China. The domestic route is： Beiping-baotou-Alxa-Ejina-Hami-Dihua. The author studies the trade route^s Juyan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty, of which unearthed spot belongs to today＇s Ejina Banner of Alxa League. In 102 B.C. Emperor Wu of Han assigned the Crossbow Captain Lu Bode to lead the army to establish Ju Yansai and build hundreds of miles of the Great Wall,the barriers,the beacon tow- ers. The thousands of bamboo slips left in the sites record the military life,the communications with local people, which is the true reflections of political,military, economic and social activities. In 1930 the bam- boo slips were first discovered by Swedish Bergman of the Sino-Swedish scientific expedition to the north- western provinces of China and compiled into The First Series of Juyan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty, The First and Second Series of Juyan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty ,which shocked the world. In 1972 the archaeological team of Gansu Province organized the mining and compiled Juyan New Bamboo Slips-- Jia Qu Butler and Jian Shui Jin Guan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty. In 1999 Inner Mongolia archaeo- logical team explored the bamboo slips again and compiled into Ejina Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty. The author summarizes the three times explorations,excavations and collations,overview of annotations and publications of the bamboo slips in seventy years. The author also explore its significances in history of Qin and Han Dynasties and cultural history. At the end of the thesis, the author introduces the 20 years re- search experiences of chronology of bamboo slips.