再论母系继承和父系继承制下的舅权

A RESTUDY TO AVUNCULATE UNDER THE SYSTEMS OF BOTH THE MATRIARCHAL AND PATRIARCHAL INHERITANCE

在民族学调查中,经常会涉及舅权问题。这种习俗一度被认为是同母系制联系在一起的,是母系制的产物,如果出现在某一父系民族,就证明该民族曾经历过母系制阶段。但民族学研究也证明舅权并不就是母系社会的必然产物,在父系社会中仍然有其存在的社会根源。因为在所有的社会中,亲属关系都必须是双边的,个人既通过父亲与一些人相联系,也通过母亲与另一些人相联系,即使是在最牢固的父系制社会中,母系亲属也受到一定的重视,这种重视往往通过舅权表现出来。换言之,在父系社会中,父系宗亲与子女的权利义务关系是主要的,但母系亲属与外甥也保持一定的权利义务关系,而且非常必要。

In the ethnological investigation, the problem of avunculate is often involved. This custom was once thought to be associated with the matriarchy and a product of it, and if it appeared in a patrilineal society, it proved that this society had experienced a stage of matriarchy. However, ethnological studies have proved that avunculate doesn＇ t necessarily belong to the matriarchal society, and still exist in the patrilineal society. societies, and the individual is linked to the kinsfolk Because the kinship must be bilateral in all through one＇ s own father and mother. Even in the firmest patrilineal society, the maternal relatives are also given a certain degree of attention, and it is often expressed through the avunculate. In other words, in the patrilineal society, the relationship of rights and obligations between the patrilineal kinsfolk and the children is the main relationship, but it is also very necessary to maintain certain right and obligation relationship between the matriarchal relatives and nephews.