适合机械化收获的甘薯品种筛选及育种研究（英文）

Screening and Breeding of Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting

甘薯机械化收获程度过低是阻碍中国甘薯产业健康发展的瓶颈,而农机农艺不配套则是导致无法很好地进行机械化收获的主要因素之一。笔者主要通过对5个薯形大小不同的甘薯品种进行机械化收获试验,分析了甘薯的薯形和大小对甘薯机械化收获的影响。结果表明:‘徐紫薯5号’的机械化收获破损率最小,因此该品种更适合田间机械化收获。同时,在调查参试品种的薯形、破损率和明薯率后,发现甘薯的薯形与其破损率具有极显著线性关系,扁率越大其破损率越大,反之则破损率越小,但对薯块明薯率没有显著影响。因此,在甘薯品种选育过程中,在考虑农艺性状的同时应当选择薯形扁率较小的品系。

The lower degree of mechanical harvesting is a bottleneck hindering the healthy development of sweetpotato industry in China, while the mismatching be- tween agricultural machinery and agronomy is one of the main factors for poor me- chani.cal harvesting. In this study, total five sweetpotato varieties were selected, and the effects of different shapes and sizes on mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato were investigated. The results showed that the breakage rate of Xuzishu 5 was lowest, so it is more suitable for mechanical harvesting in field. At the same time, the correlations between sweetpotato shape, breakage rate and exposure rate were analyzed. It was found that there was a significant linear correlation between sweet- potato shape and breakage rate （P〈0.01）; the higher the flat rate is, the higher the breakage rate is; and sweetpotato shape had no significant effect on exposure rate. Therefore, tuberous root with lower flat rate, as well as better agronomic characters should be selected in the breeding process of new sweetpotato varieties.