金属吡啶硫酮在海洋环境中的污染现状和毒性研究进展

Advances in Contamination Status and Toxicity Studies of Metal Pyrithiones in Marine Environment

金属吡啶硫酮(MePTs)作为三丁基锡(TBT)替代品,已成为防污涂料中最有效的活性成分之一。目前为止已在沉积物和生物体中检出几十到几百μg/kg水平的MePTs残留;MePTs在环境中易光解,半衰期一般在数分钟,主要降解产物有金属离子和2,2′-二硫二吡啶((PS)2)等;MePTs能对鱼类鳃组织造成损伤,并具有基因毒性、生长发育毒性和生殖毒性;尽管MePTs易光解且在无光照的沉积物环境中也会被催化降解,但MePTs具有与TBT相当甚至更强的急性毒性;(PS)2对虎斑猛水蚤和真鲷具有较强的急性毒性,可导致鱼类胚胎脊索发育畸形,MePTs降解产物的毒性不容忽视,MePTs及其降解产物的环境安全性尚需深入研究。

As a surrogate for tributyltin （TBT）, Metal pyrithiones （MePTs） have become the most ef- fective active ingredients in antifouling paints. To date, MePTs residues at concentrations of ten to hundreds of μg/kg have been detected in sediment and organism samples. MePTs normally have half- lives of several minutes and can be readily photodegraded into metal cations, 2,2r-dithio-bis-pyridine （（PS）2） and other pyridines in the aquatic environment. MePTs not only pose damages on gills of fishes, but also show genotoxicity, developmental toxicity and reproductive toxicity on aquatic organisms. Al- though MePTs photodegrade facilely and the sediment can also catalyze the degratdation reaction, they still have comparative or greater acute toxicity compared with TBT. For instance, （PS）2 has strong a- cute toxicity on harpacticoid copepod （Tigriopus japonicus） and red seabream （Pagrus major）, and causes notochord deformities in teleosts. Therefore, the toxicity of degradation products of MePTs should not be neglected, and more investigations are needed to further evaluate the environmental secur- ity of MePTs and their degradation products.