土壤生物消毒对番茄青枯病的防控、土壤理化特性和微生物群落的影响

Effects of soil biological disinfestation on tomato bacterial wilt control,soil physicochemical properties and soil microorganism community

为探索土传病害番茄青枯病防治的有效途径,通过盆栽实验研究了土壤添加米糠及灌水厌氧处理方法对青枯病的控制效果和土壤理化特性的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,添加2.0%米糠(B)、添加2.0%米糠+淹水(DB)和添加2.0%米糠+密闭厌氧(ADB)对青枯病的防效分别为82.5%、90%和100%,且ADB处理对番茄株高、茎粗和鲜重分别提高176%、111%和755%;3种处理对土壤理化特性也产生了影响,其中DB和ADB处理显著提高土壤温度、pH和电导率(EC),降低氧化还原电位(Eh),而且ADB还明显提高土壤中琥珀酸、反丁烯二酸和柠檬酸的含量;此外,DB和ADB处理减少土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量,但显著增加细菌/真菌、细菌/放线菌的比例,同时还显著降低土壤和植株中青枯菌数量。研究表明,DB和ADB两种厌氧处理均能显著改善土壤理化特性和调控微生物群落结构,抑制青枯菌和减少番茄青枯病的发生。

Rice bran application and anaerobic treatment with irrigation were conducted to ex- plore the effective ways of prevention and control of bacterial wilt. The results showed that the effects of rice bran （B）, rice bran ＋ irrigation （DB） and rice bran ＋ anaerobic disinfestation （ADB） on bacterial wilt suppression were 82.5%, 90% and 100%, respectively. ADB treatment significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight of tomato by 176%, 111% and 755%, respectively. In comparison with the control, DB and ADB treatments significantly in- creased soil temperature, pH and conductivity （EC）, but reduced redox potential （Eh） ; ADB treatment significantly increased the contents of succinic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid in soil. In addition, DB and ADB treatments reduced the amounts of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, but increased the ratios of bacteria/fungi and bacteria/aetinomycetes, and significantly re- duced the amount of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil and plant stems. This study indicated that both DB and ADB treatments could significantly improve soil physicochemical properties and reg- ulate soil microbial community structure, thus inhibiting R. solanacearum development and reduc- ing the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt.