贵阳市生态承载力评价及其障碍因素诊断

The evaluation and obstacle factors diagnosis of ecosystem carrying capacity in Guiyang

根据城市生态承载力内涵,从压力系统和支持力系统2个方面选取30个指标,构建了城市生态承载力评价指标体系,借助生态承载负荷度模型、生态承载力综合评价模型、障碍因素诊断模型,对贵阳市生态承载力进行评价并对其障碍因素进行诊断,结果显示:研究期内,贵阳市生态系统压力呈波动减小趋势,支持力则呈上升趋势;2003—2007年,生态承载高负荷,2008—2014年,生态承载低负荷;生态承载力不断提高,生态系统正在向良性方向发展;生态系统支持力对贵阳市生态承载力的影响具有主导作用;城市化率、人均公共绿地面积等16个因子是影响贵阳市生态承载力变化的主导因子;万元GDP烟尘排放量、万元GDP能耗、万元GDP废水排放量、万元GDP二氧化硫排放量、万元GDP工业固体废物产生量5个因子是目前制约贵阳市生态承载力提升的关键障碍因子.根据上述结论,提出相应的建议,以促进贵阳市生态承载力进一步提高.

According to the connotation of urban ecosystem carrying capacity, the paper, selecting 30 indicators from two aspects-pressure system and support system, firstly constructs index system to measure urban ecosystem carrying capacity. Then making evaluation on urban ecosystem carrying capacity in Guiyang by means of ecosystem carrying load degree model and comprehensive evaluation model of ecological carrying capacity, and diagnosing obstacle factors of its urban ecosystem carrying capacity by means of the obstacle degree model. The results indicate that the ecosystem pressure in Guiyang presents fluctuating downward trend, and supporting capacity presents upward trend; ecological carrying is high load from 2003 to 2007 and low load from 2008 to 2014; ecological carrying capacity continues to increase, the ecosystem is being developed to a healthy direction; the influence of ecosystem supporting capacity on ecological carrying capacity in Guiyang is more evident than that of ecosystem pressure; urbanization rate, per capita public green area and so on,are the leading factors in the change of ecological carrying capacity in Guiyang; smoke and dust emissions every ten thousand yuan GDP, energy consumptions every ten thousand yuan GDP , wastewater discharges every ten thousand yuan GDP, sulfur dioxide emissions every ten thousand yuan GDP and industrial solid waste productions every ten thousand yuan GDP are the main obstacle factors restricting enhance of ecosystem carrying capacity in Guiyang. Finally, according to the above conclusions, the authors put forward some suggestions to further enhance the ecosystem carrying capacity in Guiyang.