吉林省野外作业电力工人心理健康状况及其影响因素

Mental health and its influencing factors among electrical workers engaged in field work in Jilin province

目的了解吉林省野外作业电力工人的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。方法于2016年1—6月采用随机整群抽样方法在吉林省电力公司所属电力线路施工队抽取23个队872名野外作业电力工人进行问卷调查。结果吉林省872名野外作业电力工人中,有心理问题者270人(30.96%),心理健康者602人(69.04%);野外作业电力工人症状自评量表(SCL-90)躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子得分和心理健康总分分别为(1.59±0.54)、(1.81±0.51)、(1.64±0.48)、(1.59±0.47)、(1.51±0.51)、(1.57±0.49)、(1.41±0.53)、(1.57±0.53)、(1.47±0.49)和(142.85±37.62)分,除人际关系敏感因子外,其他各因子及心理健康总分均高于中国常模(均P<0.05);Meclean's工作紧张问卷中职业紧张因素、职业应对能力和工作满意感3个维度得分分别为(32.37±6.06)、(55.16±7.23)和(31.28±7.04)分,心理问题组3个维度得分均低于心理健康组(均P<0.001);多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,月均收入越低、吸烟、有工伤史和工作满意感较低的野外作业电力工人,其心理健康状况越差。结论吉林省野外作业电力工人的心理健康状况较差,月均收入、是否吸烟、有无工伤史和工作满意感是野外作业电力工人心理健康状况的主要影响因素。

Objective To explore the status of mental health and its influencing factors among electrical workers involved in field work in Jilin province and to provide evidences for implementing related interventions.Methods We surveyed 872 field operation workers selected from 23 power line construction teams of Jinlin Province Power Company Limited with random cluster sampling between January and June 2016.Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90） and McLean＇s Work Stress Questionnaire （MWSQ） were adopted in the study.Results Of the 872 electric linemen workers,270 （30.96%） were identified with psychological problems.For all the workers,the SCL-90 scores were 1.59±0.54 for somatization,1.81±0.51 for obsessive-compulsive,1.64±0.48 for interpersonal sensitivity,1.59±0.47 for depression,1.51±0.51 for anxiety,1.57±0.49 for hostility,1.41±0.53 for phobia,1.57±0.53 for paranoia,1.47±0.49 for psychosis,and 142.85±37.62 for overall mental health,respectively,and all the scores were significantly higher than those of Chinese norm （all P〈0.05）,except for the score for interpersonal sensitivity.The MWSQ domain scores were 32.37±6.06 for occupational stress,55.16±7.23 for professional coping ability,and 31.28±7.04 for job satisfaction among all the workers and the three domain scores of the workers with psychological problems were significantly higher than those among the worker without mental health problems （P〈0.001 for all）.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression revealed that the workers with lower monthly income,smoking,having history of injury,and with low job satisfaction were more likely to have mental health conditions.Conclusion The prevalence rates of mental health problems and occupational stress were high and mainly influence by monthly income,smoking status,whether having injury history,and job satisfaction among electrical workers engaged in field work in Jilin province.