广州市居民食物消费与营养素摄入状况

Food consumption and nutrients intake among residents in Guangzhou city

目的描述广州市居民食物消费量及营养素摄入现状,为进行营养干预提供依据。方法 2011年6—9月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取广州市7个行政区中2 976名≥3岁居民进行膳食调查。采用3 d、24 h膳食回顾法调查居民摄入的所有食物,采用称重法调查家庭调味品消费量。结果广州市居民平均每标准人日摄入谷薯类食物261.3 g、蔬菜289.2 g、水果56 g、畜禽肉193.5 g、水产品60.5 g、奶及其制品75.6 g、蛋及其制品38.5 g、豆类及坚果20.3 g、食用油25.5 g、食盐5.1 g。广州市居民平均每标准人日摄入能量7 119.5 k J,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物提供的能量比分别为19.9%、31.9%、48.2%。尼克酸平均每标准人日摄入量充足,维生素A、硫铵素、核黄素、维生素C和维生素E平均摄入量均相对不足;磷、铁、锌、铜、锰平均每标准人日摄入量充足,钙、钾、钠、镁、硒摄入不足。结论广州市居民膳食结构不合理,畜禽肉摄入量过高,蔬菜水果、豆类及奶类摄入不足,导致脂肪摄入过高,大部分维生素和部分矿物质摄入不足。应继续加强平衡膳食的宣传教育,改善居民的营养与健康状况。

Objective To describe food consumption and nutrients intake among residents in Guangzhou city and to provide a basis for developing intervention strategy.Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 2 976 residents above 3 years old in 7 districts of Guangzhou city during June to September 2011.A 24-hour dietary recall for 3 consecutive days was used to collect information on food intake,while the condiment intake was assessed with weighting method.Results The average food consumption per reference man per day for the residents included 261.3 g cereals and patatoes,289.2 g vegetables,56 g fruits,193.5 g meat,60.5 g aquatic products,75.6 g milk,38.5 g eggs,20.3 g legumes and nuts,25.5 g oil,and 5.1 g salt.The average energy intake per reference person per day was 7 119.5 kJ.The proportion of the energy intake from protein,fat,and carbohydrate were 19.9%,31.9%,and 48.2%,respectively.The average daily intake of niacin was sufficient while the average daily intake of vitamin A,thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin C,and vitamin E were below the recommended intakes.The average daily intakes of phosphorus,iron,zinc,copper,manganese were sufficient,while the intakes of calcium,potassium,sodium,magnesium,and selenium were lower than the recommended.Conclusion The dietary pattern of Guangzhou residents was not reasonable.The intake of meat was high,but the intakes of vegetables,fruit and milk were not sufficient.Education on balanced diet should be conducted to improve nutrition and health status of Guangzhou residents.