2个软枣猕猴桃品种的花粉育性研究

Studies on Pollen Fertility of Hardy Kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta Planch.) Two Cultivars

猕猴桃为雌雄异株植物,但在丹东宽甸地区栽培的软枣猕猴桃‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’在不配置授粉雄株的情况下,仍能正常结果,且种子发育正常。该研究通过花粉活力测定、花粉扫描电镜观察、花粉管行为的荧光显微镜观察以及不同套袋授粉技术等,研究其授粉坐果特性,以明确‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’的生殖特性,为软枣猕猴桃栽培生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’的花粉均没有活力。(2)‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’花粉粒空瘪,与正常雄性花粉存在很大差异,果园中的蜜蜂携粉足携带花粉中可见少量雄性花粉。(3)自花授粉的柱头未见花粉萌发,人工正常授粉(绿王花粉)的花粉萌发率显著高于自然授粉。(4)人工套硫酸纸袋或防虫网不授粉的结实率均为0,人工正常授粉的坐果率、单果重和果实纵横径略高于自然授粉,而果实侧径和单果种子数显著高于自然授粉。(5)该栽培地区周边山上约1km处可见野生软枣猕猴桃分布。研究认为,‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’为雌性品种,其在丹东宽甸地区不需配置授粉树即可结果的原因是周边有野生软枣猕猴桃分布,授粉昆虫为蜜蜂。充分授粉有助于提高其坐果率及果实大小,因此在正常栽培生产中应配置授粉雄株。

Kiwifruit is dioecious,Hardy kiwifruit（Actinidia arguta Planch.）cultivars‘Longcheng 2＇and‘Huanyuo 1＇cultivated in Dandong-Kuandian area can still normally bear fruit and the fruit can produce seeds in the absence of pollination male plant.In response to the phenomenon,this article attempts to definite the reproductive characteristics through the determination of pollen viability,observation of pollen morphology by scanning electron microscope,different pollination bag technique and observation of the pollen tube behavior by fluorescence microscopy,and provide the theories basis for hardy kiwifruit planting and production.The results were summarized as follows：（1）the pollens of‘Longcheng 2＇and‘Huanyuo1＇had no vitality.（2）The pollen grains of‘Longcheng 2＇and ‘Huanyuo 1＇were hollow and infertile,there was a small amount of male pollen found on the carrying pollen leg of honeybee.（3）There was no pollen germination in self-pollination,and the pollen germination rate of artificial pollination（Lüwang）was significantly higher than that of natural pollination.（4）There was no fruit set in bagged flowers.Thefruit setting rate,fruit weight,fruit length and diameter of artificial pollination were slightly higher than that of natural pollination,and fruit side diameter and number of seeds per fruit of the former were significantly higher than that of the latter.（5）The wild Actinidiacan be found around in the mountain which was about 1km away from the cultivated area.In conclusion：‘Longcheng 2＇,and‘Huanyuo 1＇are female cultivars,the reason of which can bear fruit without pollinator tree in Dandong-Kuandian area was that there were wild A.argutasurrounding the planted aera,bees are the main pollinators,and fully pollination contributes to enhancing its fruit set and fruit size.Therefore,it is necessary to configure male plant in the normal cultivation.