考虑城市客运结构优化的城市轨道交通定价方法研究

Pricing Method of Urban Rail Transit Considering the Optimization of Passenger Transport Structure

票价直接影响乘客出行方式选择和城市客运结构.在比较交通方式相对优势度和影响因素的基础上,以城市综合交通乘客出行时间最少,整体系统结构优化为目标,构建了城市客运系统整体出行时间最小的双层规划模型,并进行算例分析,验证模型的可操作性.算例表明,调整城市轨道交通票价情况下,随着票价降低,选择城市公共汽车和私人小汽车出行客流转移到城市轨道交通,城市轨道交通客流逐步增加,整个系统广义出行成本降低,系统总出行时间减少.城市客运系统结构中各交通方式优势的发挥受票价影响,在城市轨道交通票价制定时,应优先提高城市轨道交通客流量以增强客流分担率,最大可能发挥其运能大和系统出行时间少的特点.

Fare directly affects the passenger travel mode choice and the structure of urban passenger transport. A bi-level programming model with the minimum travel time of the urban passenger transport system is constructed to optimize the overall structure of the system based on comparing the relative superiority degree and influence factors of each traffic mode. A numerical example is given to verify the operability of the model, which suggests that as the fare of urban rail transit lower, more passengers would choose the mode of urban rail transit instead of buses or private car. With the gradually increased of urban rail transit passenger flow, the generalized travel cost and the total travel time will be reduced. Due to the impact of the fare, how to increase the passenger flow should be primary considered to enhance the share rate of urban rail transit system and display its advantage of large capacity and short travel time when making the fare policy of urban rail transit system.