物质关系和物质文化的四层结构

The Four-tier Structures of Material Relations and Material Culture

在物质文化研究领域,人类学、民俗学等学科或强调物质文化的本体形态、结构和功能,或强调物质文化背后的"语法规则",或强调物质文化的传承……各有自己的学科追求和研究旨趣,各自展开研究。在这一过程中,人类学发展出了以马塞尔·莫斯为代表的"总体呈现"理论,民俗学发展出了以迈克尔·欧文·琼斯为代表的"物质行为"理论。前者强调物的社会性,后者强调物的文化性、传承性和对人的关注。"物质关系"借鉴两理论的优长,视物为人类实践的中心环节,并将其置于由自然生态、物、人、社会所构成的有机系统中讨论,以此展开人和文化的整体研究。而"物质文化的四层结构"则是在"物质关系"理念下,提出的作为物或物学研究之基础——物质文化民族(俗)志考察和撰写的基本框架。

In the field of material culture research,anthropology and folkloristics either put emphasis on the ontology,the structure and the function of material culture,or on the'grammar rules'behind material culture,or on the heritage of material culture,both of which have their own discipline pursuits and research interest,and do their research respectively.In this process,anthropology developed the theory of'total presentation'represented by Marcel Mauss,and folklore developed the theory of'material behavior'represented by Michael Owen Jones.The former emphasizes the sociality of material,and the latter emphasizes its culture,inheritance and concerns of people.Drawing on the virtues of the two theories,'material relations'regards material as the central part of human practice,and places it in the organic system of natural ecology,material,people,society,through which to do integrate research on people and culture.'The four-tier structures of material culture',under the concept of'material relations'is the basic framework of material culture ethnographic research and writing,which is proposed as the basis of material,or material research.