城市应急避难场所服务能力评价综述

A Review of Service Capacity Evaluation of Urban Emergency Shelters

应急避难场所对于救灾及灾后恢复都具有至关重要的作用。近年来有关应急避难场所的研究重点逐渐由场地选址转移到了空间优化配置及服务能力提升等方面。对我国城市应急避难场所的现状问题进行分析,提出从避难者的需求出发提升应急避难场所的服务水平;对城市应急避难服务能力评价的有关研究进行了整理,总结归纳了相关评价指标及评价方法。认为目前应急避难场所服务能力评价工作还有待进一步研究,应该建立合适的评价体系,为提高城市应急避难场所服务能力提供决策依据。

Emergency shelter plays a vital role in disaster relief and post-disaster recovery. In recent years, focus of research on emergency shelter has been gradually transferred from site selection to space optimization allocation and enhancement of service capacity. By analyze the present situation of urban emergency shelters in China, this paper calls for an enhancement of emergency shelter service level according to the needs of asylum-seekers. Researches on capacity evaluation of emergency shelter services are reviewed and the relevant evaluation indexes and methods are summarized. It is considered that there is a large space for the evaluation of emergency shelter services, and a suitable evaluation system should be established to provide decision basis for improving the service capacity of urban emergency shelter.