基于风险沟通的城市居民应急宣教培训体系构建——以北京市海淀区为例

Construction of Emergency Propaganda and Training System of Urban Residents Based on Risk Communication:A Case Study of Haidian District in Beijing

针对资源与需求不匹配的实践难题,依据风险感知与风险沟通理论,对城市居民应急宣教培训问题进行了研究。调查数据来自于北京市海淀区的1444份有效问卷。按照个性特征、灾害、社区等维度划分居民类型,在城市居民的风险感知、培训意愿和培训偏好三个方面开展分析。研究发现:城市居民风险感知状况存在差异、应急培训意愿强烈的参与意愿、应急培训偏好呈现复杂性。在此基础上提出应急宣教培训体系构建思路:一是从需求调研与专家库和师资库建设方面科学制定应急宣教培训计划;二是从组织机构、常态机制、内容体系、软硬件建设等方面开展标准化的应急宣教培训活动;三是适应社会化趋势创新应急宣教培训方式,适时开展政府购买服务,强化家庭教育和学校教育,并探索引入第三方机构测评等。

Based on the theory of risk perception and risk communication, this paper focuses on the training and propaganda for residents in urban areas, in view of the mismatch between resource and requirement. Data were collected from 1444 questionnaires in Haidian District in Beijing. Dimensions of demography, disaster knowledge, and dwelling feature were adopted to classify the residents, who were analyzed in the aspects of risk perception, training intention, and training preference. The results show that the risk perception of urban residents is diverse, residents have strong participation intention, and the training preference of residents is complicate. On this basis, a construction scheme of emergency propaganda and training system is put forward. Firstly, the emergency propaganda and training plan should be scientifically formulated according to requirement survey and the construction of teacher resource; secondly, the emergency propaganda and training activities should be carried out considering organization, normal mechanism, content system, and software and hardware construction etc. ; last hut not least, the pattern of emergency propaganda and training should be innovative in line with current socialization tendency, such as launching government procurement services, strengthening the family education and school education, and exploring the introduction of third party organizations for evaluation, etc..