专车运行模式及政策评价

Operating Mode and Policies of Tailored Taxis

本文基于经济学视角对专车运行模式及政策进行分析。首先通过文献梳理将专车模式的外延界定为出租车模式与共享出行模式的并集。然后通过公共经济学理论分析得出,与传统的出租车相比,专车可以降低交通服务的交易成本并增加社会整体效用水平,其管制的思路应当聚焦于外部性与安全性。接着对政府目前的专车管理政策进行了讨论,认为目前的政策会对专车发展产生一定阻碍,不利于提高交通市场的效率。最后提出政策建议:目前应加快建立出租车公司经营权淘汰机制,对专车应当短期观望,未来在适当条件下可通过税收控制专车数量,要求专车公司公布更多信息。

In this paper, the operation mode and policies of tailored taxis are analyzed from the perspective of economics. The extension of tailored taxis can be defined as the union of taxi mode and ridesharing mode. The administrative monopoly of taxi industry greatly damages consumers＇ interests, while tailored taxis increase the overall utility level of society. Compared with traditional taxis, tailored taxis have obvious advantages in externality and safety. Policies of the government always tend to restrict the development of tailored taxis, which is not conducive to improving the efficiency of transportation market. Under appropriate conditions in the future, the government should control the number of tailored taxis through taxation, require tailored taxis companies to release more information and establish an elimination mechanism for the management rights of taxi companies.