制度创新、结构调整和电力低碳发展

System Innovation,Structural Adjustment and Low Carbon Power Development

2015年中国启动了第二次电力体制改革。目前中国电力行业发展面临着政府职能转变不到位、市场机制不完善、电价关系没有理顺、低碳能源发电激励机制不健全和能源电力立法修法滞后等问题。从环境经济学外部性理论和可持续发展理论来分析,高碳能源发电是典型的负外部性例子,低碳电力的发展是电力产业可持续发展的重要推动力量。通过分析,本文提出了中国电力低碳发展的对策建议:转变政府职能;从发电侧、输电侧、配售电侧、用电需求侧完善市场机制;严格约束机制;健全激励机制以及修订电力法律。

China launched the second electric power system reform in 2015. At present, China＇s electric power industry development is facing up with the following problems：the government does not function improperly, the market mechanism is imperfect, the relationship between the prices is not straightened out, the incentive mechanism of power generation with low carbon energy needs to be perfected and the electrical energy legislation lags behind. From the external theory of environmental economics and the theory of sustainable development, the enterprises of power generation with high carbon energy are typical example of negative externalities,while the development of low-carbon electricity is an important driving force for the sustainable development of electric power industry. Through the analysis, the paper puts forward such measures and suggestions to promote the low carbon power development as speeding up the transformation of government function; perfecting the market mechanism from the aspects of power generation, power transmission, power placement and power demand;setting up strict restraint mechanism;and improving the incentive mechanism and revising power law.