泥石流拦挡坝研究现状及发展趋势

Review and trends on debris dam research

拦挡坝已大量应用于泥石流治理工程中。它不仅能拦蓄部分泥石流固相物质,减小泥石流规模,还能稳定沟坡、控制沟道侵蚀,抑制泥石流发育。本文梳理了泥石流拦挡坝的研究成果,分析总结出工程设计中拦挡坝存在以下问题:(1)相关泥石流运动特征参数的计算问题;(2)拦挡坝修建级数与设计库容的选取问题;(3)拦挡坝的结构型式与坝体材料选取问题;(4)拦挡坝的清淤问题;(5)与格栅坝设计相关的问题。基于以上问题,提出今后拦挡坝应重点发展以下研究方向:(1)拦挡坝设计方法改进和结构型式创新;(2)基于水土分离的泥石流防治理念;(3)基于物质和能量调控的泥石流减灾技术。

Debris dam has been widely used in debris flow control works,which can reduce the scale of debris flow by retaining solid material of debris flow,and reduce debris flow frequency by stabilizing slope and controlling deep-cutting erosion. This paper analyzes the current research result of debris dam,and debris dam exist the following problems in the engineering design：（ 1） calculating characteristic parameters which is related to debris dam design.（ 2） Selecting quantity and design capacity of debris dam.（ 3） Selecting structural style and dam body material.（ 4） Solid material in the debris dam cannot be dredged.（ 5） Design problem related to the open-type dam. Based on the above questions,development trend of debris dam should be as follows：（ 1） Improving debris dam design and structure type innovation.（ 2） Prevention and control concept based on soil and water separation of debris flow.（ 3） The debris flow disaster reduction technology based on material and energy regulation.