我国残疾人社会福利发展路径和特点研究

Research on Development Features and Path Selection of Disabled People's Social Welfare in China

根据我国残疾人政策出台的时间、数量和内容,以1988年、2008年为时间节点,将残疾人福利政策发展分为平台期、发展期和快速发展期。经历60多年的发展,我国残疾人福利政策法律体系框架初步形成,残疾人社会福利基本实现了从补缺型福利向制度型福利的初步转变,由以往明显的人道主义色彩与伦理道德型福利向国家责任、公民权利型福利体系转型,残疾人福利政策呈现体系化、制度化发展态势,并逐步与国家顶层设计接轨。具体表现为残疾人福利理念从"问题视角"向"优势视角"转变,福利模式从"救助模式"向"赋权增能模式"转变,福利服务内容从"残疾人为中心"向"环境为中心"拓展,服务形式从"碎片化"到"体系化"转变,服务主体由国家支配向多元混合转型的发展特点。

According to the issuing time, amount and content of the policy on people with disabilities in China, the development of the welfare policy is divided into three stages： the platform period（1949-1987）, the development period（1988-2008） and the rapid development period（2008 till now）. After more than 60-year historical development, the framework of law system and social welfare policy of people with disabilities has been set up in China and almost completed the transformation from residual welfare to institutional welfare. The welfare system has transformed from humanitarian and ethical perspective to state responsibility and citizen＇s right perspective and becomes systematic, institutionalized, keeping on the pace with the national top-level design development trend. The view of ＂disability＂ has shifted from the problems perspective to advantages perspective and the welfare model has changed from assistance mode to empowerment mode; Welfare services have expanded from the disabled people to the environment, from fragmentation to systematization and welfare service principal has shifted from state control to multivariate mixed provider.