全面两孩政策下广东省残疾人生育意愿及其影响因素研究

A Study on Fertility Intention and Influencing Factors of the Disabled under the Background of Comprehensive Two-child Policy in Guangdong

生育意愿是人们关于生育行为的态度及看法。一般而言,生育意愿支配生育行为,生育行为聚集为人口的生育水平,而决定人口生育水平的两个重要因素是国家生育政策和人们生育意愿。社会不同群体的生育意愿会有一定的差异性。本文主要对全面两孩政策背景下广东残疾人的生育意愿进行分析,试图发现影响残疾人生育意愿的各种因素,尤其是困扰部分残疾人家庭生育二孩的障碍因素。调查发现,广东残疾人不愿意生二胎的主要理由是"两个孩子花销大,经济压力过大"、"没时间精力照顾孩子"、"担心给不了孩子好的生活品质"、"身体条件不允许"等。其中经济条件约束是残疾人不愿多生和不敢多生的根本原因。因此,减轻经济负担,增强残疾人的生活能力;扩大就业渠道,完善残疾人就业帮扶机制;健全残疾人权益保障制度,尊重残疾人的生育权;帮助残疾人克服婚姻障碍,实现婚姻自由权;强化三级预防干预制度,最大程度防范先天残疾等措施可促进残疾人的生育意愿。

Fertility intention is an attitude about reproductive behavior and opinion. In general, the fertility intention will dominate reproductive behavior, and fertility behavior gathers for the fertility level of population. The two important factors which decide fertility levels are the fertility policy of our country and people＇s childbearing desire. Willingness to breed differs among different social groups. This paper analyzes the fertility intention of people with disabilities in Guangdong under the background of comprehensive two-child policy, and tries to find out the factors that affect the fertility intention of the disabled, especially the obstacle factors of bearing two children. The survey found that people with disabilities in Guangdong are not willing to have two children and that the main reasons are as follows： ＂Two children add more spending; economic pressure is too large＂, ＂No time and energy to take care of children＂, ＂Worry can＆#39;t give children a good quality of life＂, ＂Physical condition does not allow＂, etc. The restriction of economic conditions for the disabled is the root cause of their fear of having more children. To this, our suggestions are mainly： 1. to reduce the economic burden, enhance the life capacity of people with disabilities; 2. to expand employment channels, and improve the employment assisting mechanism for disabled persons; 3. to improve their rights protection system, respect the reproductive rights for the disabled; 4. to help the disabled to overcome obstacles of marriage, achieve marriage freedom; 5. to strengthen the system of tertiary prevention intervention and prevent congenital disability to the greatest degree.