阿伦特的极权主义理论再评价

本文对阿伦特的极权主义理论作了再阐释和再评价。文章认为,阿伦特使用的“极权主义”概念与通常的理解虽然有共通处,比如她也用“极权主义”来指一种把前所未有的强制形式和世俗意识形态结合起来的新统治形式。但这些相似是表面的。如果说一般描述的极权主义是一种死寂、僵死、一体化的状态,强调其静态性;那么,阿伦特更强调极权主义的动态性,认为极权主义是混乱的、非功利的、动态的、无休止的毁坏运动,它摧毁了使政治成为可能的一切人性的和人工世界的特征。

This article re-interpretes and re-evaluates Arendt＇s theory of totalitarianism. The author argues that, though Arendt＇s concept of totalitari- anism is similar to the common sense, for example, she used totalitarianism to describe a new form of governance which combined unprecedented mandatory and mundane ideology, the similarity is superficial. The totalitarianism in common sense is described as deadly still, integrated and static. However, Arendt often emphasizes the dynamic characteristics of totalitarianism. She believes that totalitarianism is a turbulent, non-utility, endless chaotic move- ment. It destroys all the human and world characteristics which should have made politics possible.