HCV母婴传播的分子机制及危险因素

Research advances in molecular mechanism of mother-to-child transmission of HCV and related risk factors

HCV感染是一个全球性的健康问题,人群普遍易感,主要传播途径有血液传播、性传播、母婴传播。血液制品抗HCV筛查大大减少了HCV血液传播几率。直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎取得了突破性进展,HCV传播趋势得到明显遏制。但HCV感染具有隐匿性,丙型肝炎疫苗尚未研制成功,母婴传播缺乏有效的阻断措施,将成为HCV主要传染方式之一。降低HCV母婴传播率,对预防新生儿HCV感染及降低人群中丙型肝炎的感染率仍具有重要意义。近年来关于HCV母婴传播具体机制、危险因素的研究一直在进行,取得了不少成果,但仍有许多问题尚无统一认识。现就HCV母婴传播具体机制的国内外研究进展进行综述。

Hepatitis C virus（HCV） is a global health problem and people are generally susceptible to HCV. Main routes of transmission include blood transmission,sexual transmission,and mother-to-child transmission. Anti-HCV screening of blood products has substantially reduced the blood transmission of HCV. Remarkable breakthrough has been made in the treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral agents and the trend of HCV transmission has been significantly curbed. Since HCV infection is occult,hepatitis C vaccine has not been successfully developed,and there lack effective blocking measures for mother-to-child transmission,which will become one of the major route of HCV transmission. Reducing the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HCV is very important in preventing neonatal HCV infection and reducing the incidence rate of HCV infection. In recent years,many researchers have concentrated on the detailed mechanisms and risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HCV and made great achievements; however,there are still controversies over some issues.This article reviews the research advances in the specific mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission of HCV in China and other countries.