个体化饮食干预对初产妇血清及乳汁微量元素水平的影响

The effect of individual diet intervention on serum trace elements of parturient women and breast milk trace elements of puerpera

目的探讨个体化饮食干预对临产妇血清和产妇乳汁的微量元素水平的影响。方法选取2014年3月—2016年11月在天水市第四人民医院产检分娩的82例初产孕妇为研究对象,初次体检即确诊为缺乏一种或多种微量元素,按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各41例,两组孕妇均接受常规体检和护理,在此基础上,干预组孕妇于整个孕期接受个体化饮食干预护理。对比两组孕妇临产前血清和产后第7d乳汁中微量元素钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和镁(Mg)水平。结果入组前,两组的血清各元素的水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组临产前血清和产后乳汁Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu水平高于对照组(P<0.05),两组Mg水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组临产前血清及产后乳汁与入组时血清各元素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组临产前血清中Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu水平均高于入组时(P<0.05),临产前血清和产后乳汁Mg与入组时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),产后乳汁Ca和Zn高于入组时血清Ca和Zn(P<0.05),产后乳汁Fe和Cu低于入组时血清Fe和Cu(P<0.05),产前血清和产后乳汁Mg与入组时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);临产前和产后干预组的Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu缺乏改善率高于对照组(P<0.05),两组的Mg缺乏改善率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论个体化饮食干预能够提高临产妇血清和产妇乳汁微量元素水平,可预防孕妇产前和产后的Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu等微量元素的缺乏,同时也可为婴儿提供含Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu等微量元素丰富的乳汁,有利于母婴健康,但有必要增加样本量作进一步研究。

Objective To investigate the effect of individual diet intervention on serum trace elements of parturient women and breast milk trace elements of puerpera.Methods Primiparas（82 cases）received antenatal care and deliveried in Tianshui Fourth People＇s Hospital from March 2014 to November 2016 were as the research objects.All research objects were diagnosed with the lack of one or more trace elements when received initial antenatal care.And they were divided into control group and intervention group（n=41）according to random number table method.The pregnant women of two groups were received routine checkups and nursing.While the pregnant women of intervention group were received individual diet intervention nursing during the pregnancy.Calcium（Ca）,iron（Fe）,zinc（Zn）,copper（Cu）and magnesium（Mg）level of serum when joining groups,before labor and postpartum7 th day of two groups were compared.Results When joining groups,trace elements level of two groups had no significant difference（P〈0.05）;Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu level of intervention groupwere higher than those of control group before labor and postpartum（P〈0.05）,Mg level of two groups had no significant difference（P〈0.05）;All trace elements level between control group before labor,postpartum and those when joining groups had no significant difference（P〉0.05）;Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu level of intervention groupbefore laborwere higher than those when joining groups（P〈0.05）,Mglevelbefore labor and when joining groups had no significant difference（P〈0.05）,Ca and Zn level postpartum were higher than those when joining groups（P〈0.05）,Fe and Cu level postpartum were lower than those when joining groups（P〈0.05）,Mg level before labor,postpartum and when joining groups had no significant difference（P〈0.05）;Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu lackim provement ratebefore labor and postpartum of intervention groupwere higher than those of control group（P〈0.05）,Mg lackimprovement rate of two groups had no significant difference（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Serum trace elements of parturient women and breast milk trace elements of puerpera can be improved by individual diet intervention,and the prenatal and postnatal Ca,Fe,Zn and Cu deficiency can be prevented.The breast milk rich in Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu and other trace elements can be provided for babies at the same time.It is conducive to maternal and baby＇s health.But it is necessary to increase the sample size for further research.