论清初小说中的贞节观与士人心态

The Concept of Chastity in the Novels of the Early Qing Dynasty and the Mentality of the Intellectuals

清初小说在对女子贞节观的书写上呈现出前所未有的复杂和宽容,这种现象与当时的士人心态密切相关。一部分士人矫枉过正,对贞节的要求更加苛刻和过情;另一部分背负未能死节阴影的士人,不断以"身辱心贞""原心不原迹""死易生难"等命题为失节女子辩解,同时也是自我开解,以使自我行为正当化;在经历国破家亡、痛定思痛的思索之后,还有部分士人在作品中对不能尽节的女子表现出赞同而不是鞭挞的态度,将守节从盲从提升到双方平等的高度,现代平等意识开始萌芽。

In the early Qing dynasty, chastity was a very important issue, but it was not well studied. This paper draws the following conclusions from the analysis of the novels in the early Qing Dynasty： In the early Qing Dynasty, the novels presented an unprecedented complexity and tolerance in the writing of women＇ s chastity which was closely related to the intellectual mentality of the time. Some of the intellectuals were overdone, and the demand for chastity was even harsher and more severe. While another part of the intellectuals defended the women who lost their virginity by the statements such as＂ heart chastity after being bodily humiliated original heart chastity with different traces＂ and ＂easier of death than that of living on＂ etc, which is also a kind of defense for their own infidelity and the justification of their behaviors. Finally, after experiencing country perishes and home lost, some intellectuals in their works praised instead of criticized the women who lost their virginity, promoting the chastity to the level of equality between the two sides. Since then, the modern consciousness has begun to sprout.