西藏设施黄瓜连作土壤日光消毒技术研究

Soil's Solar Disinfection of Continuous Cropping of Cucumber in Protected Cultivation in Tibet

【目的】针对设施黄瓜连作造成的病害问题,筛选出适合西藏设施连作土壤日光消毒的方法。【方法】2015年7至11月,通过添加石灰氮、有机物、覆盖地膜等5种处理方式对拉萨国家农业科技园区设施黄瓜连作土壤进行日光消毒。【结果】整个消毒期温室内外气温差异明显,不同处理对10、20 cm处土壤增温效果不同,其中以添加石灰氮和有机物并覆盖地膜进行日光高温处理对地温增温效果最佳,其10、20 cm处土壤晴天平均最高地温分别为42.2、33.6℃。日光高温消毒可使土壤0、10、20 cm处土温分别上升至60、40、30℃,此温度下能有效降低土壤中的病菌数量,处理A对黄瓜枯萎病和根结线虫防治效果最好,防效分别可达93.1%、100%。【结论】通过在土壤中施入石灰氮和鸡粪且经过日光消毒后,对于设施黄瓜连作造成的病害问题有较好的防治效果。

[ Objective] Aiming at the disease caused by continuous cropping of cucumber in protected cultivation, the soil disinfection method fitting to Tibet areas was sifted out. [ Method ] From July to November in 2015, the soils＇ solar disinfection of the continuous cropping of cu- cumber by adding lime nitrogen, organic matter, mulching and other 5 kinds of processing methods was studied in protected cultivation in Lhasa national agricultural science and technology. [ Result] There were obvious differences of the temperatures between inside and outside during the whole disinfection period. The different treatments had different temperature increasing effects on 10 and 20 cm soil layers, among which the best treatments were adding lime nitrogen and organic matter and covering film, and the highest soil temperatures of 10 and 20 cm soil layers were 42.2 and 33.6 ℃. Using high temperature to disinfect the soil of solar greenhouse could make 0,10,20 cm soil layers tem- perature increase to 60, 40, 30 qC, and the number of bacteria in soils was effectively reduced in these temperatures. The control effects of A on cucumber fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode were the best and reached 93.1%, 100 %, respectively. [ Conclusion] The effects of controlling disease of cucumber caused by continuous cropping were significant after adding nitrolime and raw chicken nmnure to soil.