短期不同秸秆还田与耕作方式对土壤养分与稻麦周年产量的影响

Effects of Different Straw Returning and Tillage Methods on Annual Yield and Soil Nutrients under Rice-wheat Rotation System in Short-term

【目的】明确秸秆还田与耕作方式短期内对稻麦周年产量与土壤肥力的影响。【方法】在典型稻麦轮作区设置了2种耕作方式(旋耕与耕翻)和4种秸秆还田模式(稻秸还田、麦秸还田、稻麦秸双季还田与双季秸秆皆不还田)的裂区试验。【结果】短期内2种耕作方式对土壤养分含量都没有显著影响,旋耕处理有大于耕翻处理的趋势,但达不到显著水平。所有秸秆还田处理都可不同程度地提高0~20 cm土壤养分含量。在土壤全氮含量、总磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质方面,都以秸秆双季还田处理最高,显著高于秸秆不还田处理,其中以全氮含量增加最多,达19.5%。秸秆单季还田处理在土壤总磷、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量与秸秆不还田处理间没有显著差异,而土壤全氮含量显著高于秸秆不还田处理。稻秸单季还田处理除了土壤速效磷显著高于麦秸还田处理外,在其它土壤养分含量间没有差异。稻麦周年总产以耕翻处理略高于旋耕处理,秸秆还田处理比不还田处理略减,各处理间产量均达不到显著差异。在短期内,秸秆还田有利于提高土壤养分含量,而2种耕作方式对土壤养分含量基本没有影响,秸秆还田与耕作方式皆不会显著影响稻麦周年产量。【结论】稻麦轮作区推广秸秆还田有利于培肥土壤,配合适当的耕作方式可以稳定稻麦周年产量。

[ Objective ] The present study was conducted to understand the effects of straw returning and tillage methods on annum production and soil fertility under rice-wheat rotation system in the short term. [ Method ] The split-plot experiments with two kinds of tillage methods （ ro- tary tillage and plowing tillage） and four patterns of straws returning （ rice straw returning in wheat season, wheat straw returning in rice sea- son, rice and wheat straw returning and no straw returning） to field were set up in typical rice-wheat rotation area. [ Results] There was no significant effect on the soil nutrient contents between two kinds of tillage in short term. However, there was a tendency that the soil nutrient contents were higher in the rotary tillage than that in the plowing tillage. All the treatments with straw returning more or less increased the soil nutrient contents within 0 - 20 cm soil. The annual straw returning treatments had the highest contents of soil total nitrogen, total phos- phorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter, which were significantly higher than no straw re- turning treatments, even with total nitrogen content increased by 19.5 %. There was no significant difference in contents of soil total phos- phorus, available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter, but the total nitrogen content was significantly higher in the straw retur- ning in single season than that in no straw returning treatments. Compared to the wheat straw returning treatment, the soil nutrients in the rice straw returning treatments varied rarely, except for the content of available phosphorus in soil being higher significantly. The annual yields of rice and wheat were slightly higher in the rotary tillage than that in plowing tillage treatments under rice-wheat rotation system, while the annum yields were slightly lower in the straw returning than that in no straw returning treatments, hut there were no significant differencesamong all treatments. In short term, the soil nutrients could be improved by straw returning but not by tillage. The annual yields of rice and wheat were not affected significantly by the straw returning and tillage methods. [ Conclusion ] The promo- tion of straw returning is beneficial for soil fertility and stable yield with proper tillage methods under rice-wheat rotation sys- tem in short-tenn.