漾濞大泡与云新高原核桃花粉活力及柱头可授性比较

Study on Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Two Walnut Cultivars Yangbidapao and Yunxingaoyuan

【目的】明确漾濞大泡和云新高原2个核桃品种的花粉活力和柱头可授性。【方法】用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定花粉在3种贮藏条件下(室温、冰箱冷藏和冷冻)的活力变化;采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法、过氧化物酶-酯酶试纸法、苏丹红染色法3种方法测定不同时期雌花柱头可授性。【结果】在相同保存温度下,云新高原核桃的花粉活力高于漾濞大泡。冰箱冷藏条件有利于花粉保存,保存至第7天时漾濞大泡和云新高原的花粉活力分别从第1天的88.7%和95.5%下降至10.0%和18.3%。氧化物酶-酯酶试纸法检测柱头可授性操作简单、效果较好。【结论】漾濞大泡和云新高原核桃的雌花柱头在V字期开始具有一定的可授性,八字期具有较强的可授性,是其授粉的最佳时期。

[ Objective ] The pollen viability and stigma receptivity of two walnut cuhivars （ J. sigillata cv. ＇ Yangbidapao＇ and J. sigiUata regia cv. ＇ Yunxingaoyuan＇ ） planted in Kunming were studied in this paper. [ Method] The period and conditions （ room temperature, cold-storage and frozen-storage） for keeping high pollen viability were detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TIC） staining method. The stig-ma receptivity and optimal pollination period were evaluated by benzidine-H2 02 , peroxidase-esterase reagent and sudan HI staining method.[ Result ] The results showed that the pollen viability of Yunxingaoyuan was higher than that of Yangbidapao at the same storage condition.The cold-storage was conducive to keeping high pollen viability, and which of Yangbidapao and Yunxingaoyuan were decreased to 10.0 %and 18.3 % respeotively after seven days. [ Conclusion] The peroxidase-esterase reagent method was the best way to monitor the stigma re-ceptivity, and the best period of pollination was the stigma opening angle ranging from 45 to 120 degrees.