湘西武陵山区29个优良单株的鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of 29 Elite Strains in Wuling Mountain Area of West Hunan

从湘西武陵山区的保靖、古丈、永顺3个地方茶树群体种质资源中筛选出29个优良单株,分别对各单株的芽叶特征、发芽期、生长势以及抗寒、抗旱性等表型性状进行观测,并对鲜叶叶绿素含量、主要生化成分进行检测分析以及感官品质审评。结果表明,芽叶色泽呈深绿或紫绿的单株叶绿素含量相对较高,其中BJ-8、GZ-6与YS-8叶绿素含量比对照(CK,福鼎大白茶)分别高21.85%、27.73%和43.14%;BJ-3、BJ-9、GZ-7与YS-4等4个单株发芽期比对照早;BJ-4、BJ-9、GZ-5、GZ-8和YS-7等5个单株生长势优于对照;BJ-4、BJ-9、GZ-5、GZ-7、GZ-8与YS-7等6个单株抗寒性比对照强;BJ-3、BJ-9、GZ-3、GZ-5、GZ-7、YS-2与YS-7等7个单株抗旱性比对照强;BJ-2、BJ-6、BJ-8、BJ-9、GZ-1、GZ-3、GZ-4、YS-1、YS-2、YS-3与YS-4等11个单株的水浸出物含量均高于对照;BJ-7、BJ-9、BJ-10、BJ-12、GZ-5、YS-7与YS-8等7个单株的氨基酸含量明显高于对照,酚氨比值约为3~5,其余单株的酚氨比值也均小于8,适合制绿茶。审评总分高于对照(94.5分)的单株共16个,其中BJ-4、BJ-9、BJ-10、BJ-12、GZ-2、GZ-5、GZ-6、YS-4、YS-7与YS-8等10个单株明显比对照优,总评分高出0.5分以上。说明29个优良单株中有很大一部分单株具备比对照优或相当的特点,其中BJ-4、BJ-9、GZ-5、GZ-8、YS-4和YS-7等单株综合表现较好,属于早生、优质、抗逆性强的茶树优良单株;GZ-6、YS-4与YS-8等单株花香浓郁并持久,有望培育出花香型特色绿茶新品种。

Twenty-nine fine individual plants were screened out from three populations of Baojing, Guzhang and Yongshun in Wuling Mountain area of western Hunan. The characteristics of buds, germination, growth potential and cold, Drought resistance and other phenotypic traits were observed, and the chlorophyll content, the main biochemical components of fresh leaves were analyzed and analyzed, and the sensory quality was reviewed. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of BJ-8, GZ-6 and YS-8 was 21.85~A higher than that of control （CK, Fuding white tea） BJ-4, BJ-9, GZ-5, GZ-8 and YS-4 were the same as those of B J-3, B J-9, GZ-7 and ~S-4. （P 〈0.05）. B J-4, B J-9, GZ-5, GZ-7, GZ-8 and YS-7 were stronger than those of the control. BJ-2, BJ-6, BZ-3, GZ-5, GZ-7, YS-2 and YS-7 were stronger than the control. G J-1, GZ-3, GZ-4, YS-1, YS-2, YS-3 and YS-4 were higher than those of control. B J-7, B J-9, The amino acid contents ofB J-10, B J-12, GZ-5, YS-7 and YS-8 were significantly higher than those of control, and the ratio of phenol to ammonia was about 3 - 5.8, suitable for green tea. （B J-4, B J-9, B J-10, B J-12, GZ-2, GZ-5, GZ-6, YS-4）, and the total score was higher than that of the control （94.5 points）, YS-7 and YS-8 and other 10 units were significantly better than the control, the total score higher than 0.5 points. The results show that BJ-4, BJ-9, GZ-5, GZ-8, YS-4 and YS-7 are among the 29 excellent individuals with a large proportion of individual plants. GS-6, YS-4 and YS-8 and other plants are rich and lasting, and it is expected to cultivate new varieties of green tea with different flavor characteristics.