郭象的“自得”思想探析

A Study on Guoxiang's Zide

"自得"是郭象思想的重要理论范畴,是其"适性逍遥"的人生理想的确切表述,与宋及宋以后出现在理学语境中的"自得"具有不同的理论内涵。在《庄子注》中,郭象为"自得"确立了本体论上的依据,是万物独化自生的应有之义;作为对逍遥义在现实个体意义上的对等概念,它以"适性"为基本方法,通过明王之治和自得者双方的协同来实现。自得者在通向"适性"的道路上,须处理与自身及外界的各种矛盾关系,提升认知水平,拒斥教化、克服"跂尚之心"等,创造并进入"自得之场",从而达到逍遥境界。

Zide is an important conception in Guoxiang＇ s philosophy and a precise expression of his ideal life named Shixing. It differs from the cognominal conception which arised in Song dynasty and after. In Zhuangzizhu, the ontological basement is set for Zide, which is originated from the doctrine of Duhua. As an equivalent conception to Xiaoyao regarding to the practical ones, it takes Shixing as the basic method, and realizes itself through the consociation of the government of a wise king and the pursuit to environment of Zide by the subject. On the way to Zide, one shall deal with such controversial relations as himself and the others. One shall improve his recognition in order to refuse the political civilization and overcome the desire of jealousy. Such can one create and enter the environment of Zide, which means the state of Xiaoyao.