广州市部分生产性企业粉尘危害现况

Status of dust hazard to part of some production enterprise in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市生产性企业工作场所粉尘危害职业卫生现状,为粉尘的防治工作提供参考。方法 2014年9-11月对广州市88家存在粉尘危害的企业进行职业卫生现状调查,以定点采样为主结合个体采样方式进行空气或粉尘采样。结果检测的88家企业中有18家(20.45%)企业存在粉尘超标的情况,本次检测的185个岗位187项次,共有27个(14.59%)检测岗位超标,有28个(14.97%)检测项次超标。在检测的企业中,粉尘中以矽尘(66.67%)和电焊烟尘(25.00%)的企业超标最为严重。而不同行业中,船舶修造行业(23.81%)和机械制造行业(50.00%)的电焊烟尘危害较重,建材行业的矽尘超标比例(75.00%)最高,木质家具行业的木粉尘(11.11%)危害最大且木粉尘是该行业的主要职业病危害因素。但是,2012-2014年企业、岗位及检测项目粉尘检测超标情况均呈现逐年下降趋势。结论近年来广州市生产企业在粉尘防护方面具有一定的改善,但企业仍需根据自身的粉尘超标情况来进行工艺改革和防护设施设置。从而有针对性的进行防护,达到防护效果最优。

Objective In order to provide a important basis of dust prevention,we analysis analyzed the dust hazard ofoccupational status of production enterprise in Guangzhou. Method The dust hazard from 88 production enterprises wasinvestigated from September to November in 2014 in Guangzhou. Result 18 of the 88 companies（20.45%）have had beenfound that the dust concentration were exceed the exposure limits.,27 out of 185（14.59%）work place and 28 out of 187（14.97%）test items were out of limits too. And in these companies which have had silicious dust（66.67%）and weldingfumes（25.00%）have had the most serious situation. Among different industries,the welding fumes is was the the worsthazardous factors in ship building industry（23.81%）and mechanism manufacture industry（50.00%）;the silicious dust iswas the worst hazardous factors in architectural material industry（75.00%）,and the wood dust is was the worst hazardousfactors in wooden furniture industry（11.11%）and its it was also the main factor of the occupational disease. The good newsis,the condition of dust exceed limits was yearly decreased from 2012 to 2014. Conclusion The dust hazard protectiveprotection have had been improved in recent years,but the production enterpris still need to enhance their process settingsand protection facilities to attain the best protective effect.