影响棒球投手投球速度的关键因素研究

Research on the Key Factors Affecting the Pitching Speed of Baseball Pitcher

综合运用摄像法、运动学测试法、动力学测试法、比较分析法和运动解剖学分析法,对影响棒球投手投球速度的关键因素进行研究。结果表明:投手伸踏脚落地与球出手最快时的地面反弹力最大,支撑脚的冲量最大;投手的肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节和膝关节在投手投球伸踏脚落地球出手最快阶段角加速度最大;影响投手投球速度的关键因素是投手伸踏脚的地面反弹力、支撑脚蹬伸冲量,以及各关节的角加速度;具体可通过增加投手肩肘外展外旋柔韧度、背弓幅度、主要关节肌群力量、肌力伸长度和收缩速度等训练来提高投球速度。

The key factors affecting the pitching speed of baseball pitchers are studied by camera method,kinematic test method and dynamics test method,comparative analysis and sport anatomical analysis.The results show that when the pitcher＇s stretching foot lands and the ball leaves the pitcher＇s hand with the fastest speed,the ground gives the maximum rebound force,and the supporting foot endures the largest impulse;pitcher＇s shoulder joint,elbow joint,wrist joint,hip joint and knee joint have the greatest angular acceleration when the pitcher pitches,his stretching foot lands and the ball gets the fastest speed.The key factors affecting the pitcher＇s pitching speed is the rebound force of the pitcher＇s stretching foot from the ground,the pedaling impulse of the supporting foot,and the angular acceleration of the joints.The pitching speed can be accelerated by adding the flexibility of the pitcher＇s elbow and shoulder＇s out-extension and out-rotation,the dorsal arch amplitude,the main joint muscle strength,muscle elongation and contraction speed.