广州驻防八旗生计问题探析

On Livelihoods Problems of Guangzhou Eight Banners Garrison

满清定都北京以后,八旗军民合一的体制被打破,清政府为维护政权的稳固,分派八旗军在全国多处驻防。广州八旗在驻防初期,有钱粮制度作保障,且旗民人口较少,因此,旗民生活较为宽裕,但随着清政府财政的枯竭,广州八旗旗民人口的增长,广州驻防八旗旗民面临着严峻的生计问题,虽然广州采取了四项主要措施来解决旗民的生计问题,但这些措施对于多数生计维艰的八旗旗民来说,仍是杯水车薪,最终广州八旗旗民突破了八旗驻防制度的种种束缚,开始自谋生路。

After the Qing Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing, the Eight Banners system in which all people were soldiers was broken. In order to maintain political stability, the Qing government assigned the Eight Banners army to different regions for garrison. At the beginning, with the abundant support of fund and food, the garrison lived an easy life. As the financial crisis, Guangzhou garrison started to have serious livelihood problems. Although Guangzhou government implemented Four measure to solve the problems, it helped little. At last, the garrison broke through some restrictions and found ways out.