组织工程化皮肤:从形态和功能安全替代的前景

Tissue-engineered skin substitutes: a prospect evaluation from the aspects of morphology and function

背景:组织工程学是近年来迅速发展起来的一门新学科,涉及皮肤,角膜、骨、软骨、肌腱等多个领域,组织工程化皮肤为近年年的研究热点,组织工程化皮肤为临床解决皮肤缺损的修复提供了良好的前景。目的:综述近年来组织工程化皮肤研究新进展。方法:由第一作者用计算机检索Medline数据库(1996年至2017年),检索词为"Epidermis;dermis;tissue engineered skin",语言设定英文,从表皮和真皮皮肤替代物对该领域的最新研究现状进行综述,探讨皮肤组织工程目前存在的问题及未来发展方向。结果与结论:纳入文献65篇。复合皮肤替代物虽然包括了表皮与真皮两层结构,但缺乏毛囊、汗腺和皮脂腺等皮肤附属器。如何解决组织工程化皮肤缺少附属器的问题,仍是目前皮肤组织工程研究的热点和重要方向。组织工程化皮肤的构建要在短时间内,生产出能够永久覆盖的皮肤替代物,并可将黑色素细胞和朗格罕氏细胞构建入组织工程皮肤替代物结构中去。现存的生物组织工程皮肤替代物既无法从形态上也无法从功能上完全替代皮肤组织,还需未来进行深入研究。

BACKGROUND： Tissue engineering is a booming subject in recent years, involving skin, cornea, bone, cartilage, tendon and etc. Noticeably, tissue-engineered skin is an issue of concern, which provides an alluring prospect for the repair of skin defects. OBJECTIVE： To overview the latest research progress of tissue-engineered skin. METHODS： A computer-based research of Medline database from 1996 to 2017 was performed, with the English keywords of ＂epidermis, dermis, tissue engineered skin＂. The latest research status of tissue-engineered skin was summarized in views of epidermal and dermal substitutes, followed by exploring the problems and prospects of tissue-engineered skin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 65 literatures were included. Complex skin substitutes include epidermis and dermis, in which hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and other cutaneous appendages are absent. Therefore, how to solve above problems is a hotspot issue and major trend in tissue-engineered skin. Tissue-engineered skin aims to construct permanent skin substitutes containing melanocytes and Langerhans cells rapidly. Since the current tissue-engineered skin substitutes can completely replace skin tissues neither in morphology nor in function, in-depth studies are expected in the near future.