肌腱组织工程材料在肌腱损伤的应用特点及前景

Clinical advances of tendon tissue engineering materials in tendon injury

背景:支架材料的研究和开发是组织工程的关键所在,其可为细胞生长提供了稳定的外部环境。目的:总结肌腱组织工程材料的临床应用进展。方法:由第一作者检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知识资源总库(CNKI)系列数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、Pub Med数据库2004年1月至2016年5月的相关文献,检索中英文关键词为"tissue engineering,tendon injuries,biological scaffold,tendon healing;组织工程,肌腱损伤,肌腱愈合"。结果与结论:目前常用的组织工程肌腱材料有天然高分子材料、生物衍生材料、人工合成材料及复合材料等。天然高分子材料保留了组织正常的三维网架结构,组织相容性好,但力学性能较差、降解速度快;人工合成高分子材料有良好的力学性能和降解性,但存在亲水性低、细胞黏附性能差的缺点;复合材料作为以上两者的有效结合,在临床应用中具有一定的潜力;生物衍生材料取自于生物体内,其优势在于经过适当的处理,其最接近人体的网架结构、生物力学性能,还具有正常的生理活性和功能等,是未来生物医学材料发展的方向之一。

BACKGROUND： The research and development of scaffold materials is the key to tissue engineering, as thescaffold can provide a stable external environment for cell growth. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the clinical advances in tendon tissue engineering materials. METHODS： We searched CBM, CNKI, CSTJ and Pub Med database for relevant articles published from January 2004 to May 2016. The keywords were ＂tissue engineering, tendon injuries, biological scaffold, tendon healing＂ in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The commonly used tissue engineering tendon materials include natural polymer materials, biological derivatives, synthetic materials and composite materials. Natural polymer materials retain the three-dimensional network structure of the normal tissue, with good biocompatibility but poor mechanical properties and degradation speed. Synthetic polymer materials present with good mechanical properties and biodegradability, but have low hydrophilicity and poor cell adhesion capability. Composite materials as an effective combination of the two above-mentioned materials exhibit a certain potential in clinical practice. Biological derivatives come from organisms, and have a net structure and biomechanical properties most similar to the human body after appropriate treatment. Additionally, these derivatives also have the normal physiological activity and functions, which are considered as the future development direction of biomedical materials.