蜜蜂耐寒性及其机理的研究进展

Research progress on insect resistance to cold and its mechanism

低温是影响蜜蜂繁殖情况、分布范围、扩散速度的关键因子。蜜蜂的耐寒性是指蜜蜂耐受低温的能力,影响蜜蜂耐寒性的因素很多,包括低温驯化、环境湿度、地理条件等等。针对不同的低温环境,蜜蜂会采取不同的耐寒策略,主要可以通过降低体内含水量、积累脂类物质等方法提高自身的抗寒能力。因此了解蜜蜂耐寒性及其机理,对于掌握其在当地分布范围、发生时期和消长动态具有重要意义;亦可根据蜜蜂耐寒机制采取低温驯化等措施,提高本地越冬蜂群的耐寒性,减少越冬蜂的死亡率,为翌年蜂群春繁奠定良好的基础。

Low temperature is the key factor that affects the reproduction, distribution range and diffusion rate of the honey bee. Cold resistance is the ability of withstanding low temperature and there are many factors that affect the cold tolerance of the honey bees, including low temperature acclimation, environmental humidity, geographical conditions and so on. According to different low temperature environment, the bees will adopt different cold resistant strategy, mainly through the reduction of the body water content, accumulation of lipid substances and other methods to improve their ability of cold resistance. Studies on the cold tolerance and its mechanism of bees have important significance in grasping the local distribution, the occurrence period and the dynamics of the growth and decline. At the same time, take measures such as cold acclimation according to resistance of local overwintering bees, reduce overwintering mortality, spring. the mechanism of cold hardiness, improve cold lay a good foundation for the breeding of colony in spring.