香叶天竺葵开花泌蜜规律及西方蜜蜂采集行为研究

Study on regularities of blooming and nectar secretion in Pelargonium graveolens and foraging behavior of Apis mellifera

对香叶天竺葵开花泌蜜规律及西方蜜蜂的采集行为进行了研究,结果表明:香叶天竺葵整体花期历时近5个月,单朵花花期17天左右;花蜜分泌主要集中于初花期和整个盛花期的5天时间内,其中,盛花期第一天泌蜜量最大,占总泌蜜量的35.4%,前4天的泌蜜量占总泌蜜量的90%;一天不同时段中8∶00~9∶00泌蜜量最大,13∶00~14∶00花蜜糖浓度最高;西方蜜蜂对香叶天竺葵的采集每天时间跨度为12 h左右,其采集有上午和下午2个高峰期(10∶00~11∶00和13∶00~15∶00);蜜蜂采蜜单花停留时间和访花频率分别为2.22 s和16.5朵/min。本研究可为香叶天竺葵蜂蜜生产和利用提供理论依据。

The regularities of blooming and nectar secretion in Pelargonium graveolens as well as foraging behavior of Apis mellifera during the plant＇s blossoming have been studied.The results demonstrated that Pelargonium graveolens blossomed from the beginning of April to the end of August, lasting for nearly 5 months;The florescence period for single flower was 17 days; Nectar secretion mainly occurred in initial bloom period and full flowering period which lasted 5 days altogether; The nectar volume in the first day of full flowering period was the most, which accounts for 35.4% of the total nectar secretion; Furthermore, the nectar volume in the first 4 days of blooming reached 90% of the total nectar secretion; The nectar amount secreted during 8：00-9：00 in a day was the most while the nectar concentration during 13：00-14：00 was the highest; During the blossoming of Pelargonium graveolens, honey bees＇ foraging reached as long as 12 h in one day and two peak periods of foraging （i.e.10：00-11：00 and 13：00-15：00 ） could be observed; During nectar col- lecting, the staying time and flower visiting frequency for one honey bee were 2.22s and 16.5 flowers/rain, respectively. The present study will provide theoretical basis for producing and utilizing honey of Pelargonium graveolens.