腐熟有机肥在烤烟生长期田间养分矿化释放特征的研究

Study on release of nutrients from mineralized organic fertilizer during flue-cured tobacco growth period

【目的】探究腐熟有机肥田间养分释放规律,为精准施用有机肥提供参考。【方法】于2015年采用尼龙网袋田间原位培养的方法进行有机肥矿化及土壤培肥效果研究。【结果】(1)有机肥还田后,有机碳、有机氮迅速矿化,在掩埋70 d内矿化的有机碳和有机氮分别占整个掩埋期矿化量的86.51%和90.59%;(2)施用有机肥可以使土壤速效磷、速效钾、腐殖酸、胡敏酸、富里酸含量维持在相对较高的水平;(3)施用有机肥可对土壤速效养分及腐殖酸变化起缓冲作用。(4)有机肥施入土壤后,初期土壤胡富比降低,经过腐殖酸转化后,土壤胡富比开始提升。【结论】在本试验条件下,于烟株移栽前20 d施入充分腐熟的有机肥,其碳氮矿化规律能较好的满足烤烟对养分的需求规律。

Experiment was carried out to study nutrient release of mineralized organic fertilizer in order to use mineralized organic fertilizer more efficiently. Nutrient release of mineralized organic fertilizer was studied by method of nylon net bag. Results showed that （1） Organic carbon and organic nitrogen mineralized quickly, and their mineralization rate was 86.51% and 90.59% when buried for 70d. （2） Adding mineralized organic fertilizer could improve soil available phosphorus, soil available potassium, humus acid, humic acid and fulvic acid. （3） Using mineralized organic fertilizer had a buffer effect on soil nutrients and humic acid of soil. （4） Using mineralized organic fertilizer could reduce soil H/F at early stage. Soil H/F increased after humic acid coversion. Fully rotten mineralized organic fertilizer applied 20 days before transplanting could meet nutrient demand.