潍坊市1956—2016年百日咳流行趋势分析

Analysis on epidemic tendency of pertussis from 1956 to 2016 in Weifang City

目的分析1956—2016年潍坊市百日咳流行病学特征,为防控百日咳策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对1956—2016年潍坊市年百日咳疫情资料进行回顾性统计学分析。结果 1956—2016年潍坊市共报告百日咳病例229 795例,自1979年开展计划免疫以来,百日咳发病率下降了97.73%,死亡率下降了99.67%,流行周期消失,保持低流行和高度散发趋势。实施计划免疫前报告病例为219 192例,占总病例数的95.39%。实施计划免疫后报告病例为10 603例,占总病例数的4.61%。实施计划免疫前后报告病例差异有显著的统计学意义(χ2=378 679.87,P<0.01)。病例主要集中在3—6月份,占总病例数的47.84%。临朐县报告病例最高为60 810例,占总病例数的26.46%。实施计划免疫后报告的10 603病例中,以0~<10岁儿童为主,占8 3.61%,≥10岁人群占16.39%;男女性别比为1.57∶1;职业分布以散居儿童为主,其次为学生。结论潍坊市百日咳发病控制在较低水平,实施百白破三联疫苗常规免疫效果显著。

Objective To analyze the tendency of epidemiological characterristics for pertussis in 1956-2016 in Weifang City, and to provide a scientific basis in strategies for prevention and control of pertussis. Methods The descriptive epidemiologieal method was carried out in a retrospective statistical analysis of the data from pertussis epidemic in 1956-2016 in Weifang City. Results A total of 229 795 pertussis cases were reported in this period in the City. Since PI was performed from 1979, the pertussis incidence has decreased by 97.73%, mortality has decreased by 99.55% , and the original epidemical cycle has disappeared, and maintained a trend with low prevalence and a highly sporadic occurence. The case number was reported as 219 192 accounting for 95.39% in total cases before PI . The case number was reported as 10 603 accounting for 4.61% in total cases after PI. There was a significant statistical meaning between the case number before and after the implementation of PI （X2 = 378 679.87 ,P〈0.01 ）. The cases mainly occurred in March to June, accounting for 47.84% in total cases. The highest cases were reported as 60 810 in Linqu County, accounting for 26.46% in total cases. A total of 10 603 cases were reported after PI, most from children aged 0 to 〈10 years, accounting for 83.61% in total cases, the case age ≥10 years accounting for 16.39%. The case ratio of male to female was 1.57 ： 1, and mainly distributed in scattered children, next was in pupils. Conclusion The pertussis occurrence was controled in a lower level, and the remarkable effect was obtained from implementation of DTwP or DTaP combined vaccine by routine immunization in Weifang City.