南美黑土保护措施解析与中国黑土可持续利用路径

Analysis of Black Soil Protection Measures in South America and the Scheme of Sustainable Utilization of Black Soil in China

针对黑土退化问题,应联合国粮农组织驻阿根廷、巴西代表处邀请,2017年3月黑龙江省组织代表团赴南美巴西和阿根廷进行为期8d的黑土考察,考察中与巴西农业技术学院的土壤所和阿根廷国家农业研究院土壤所开展了学术交流,并在阿根廷考察了黑土带潘帕斯大草原。了解其黑土目前的现状、保护的主要技术措施和国家的政策法规,以及科研和生产的结合形式等。通过研究南美黑土分布、形成过程以及主要作物大豆的生产特点,解析南美的黑土保护措施,提出了在技术模式、政策及机制上保护中国黑土可持续利用的方案。

For black soil degradation, at the invitation of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Argentina and Brazil. In March 2017 ,the delegation of Heilongjiang province went to Brazil and Argentina to investigate the black soil for 8 days,academic exchanges were carried out in Soil Institute of Brazil Institute of Agricultural Technology and the Argentina National Agricultural Research Institute, and the effect of the black soil zone of the Pampas grasslands in Argentina was investigated. Understand the current situation of their black soil, the main technical measures of the black soil protection, national policies and regulations, as well as the combination form of scientific research and production. Based on the study of the distribution and formation process of black soil in South America and the characteristics of soybean production, black soil protection measures in South America were analyzed, the scheme of sustainable utilization of Chinese black soil on the technical pattern,policy and mechanism was put forward.