不结球白菜与西洋菜远缘杂交亲和性研究

The compatibility of distant hybridization between pak-choi and watercress

为培育不结球白菜耐湿性新种质,以不结球白菜和水生蔬菜西洋菜为亲本进行远缘杂交,研究了授粉时间、授粉方式对其杂交亲和性的影响以及同一时间授粉后杂交组合种荚长度的发育。结果表明:19个杂交组合中,只有4个组合获得了杂交种子,但经鉴定为假杂种,其他组合的种胚均在发育过程中败育,不结球白菜与西洋菜远缘杂交的亲和性较低,表现为受精后不亲和,亲和性与不结球白菜的基因型紧密相关;重复授粉与切割柱头授粉对杂交组合亲和性的影响差异不显著;杂交组合的种荚长度随时间变化逐渐增长,但不同组合间差异显著性略有不同,授粉后5—15 d为种荚生长发育的关键时期,这可为利用胚培养技术挽救杂交授粉后的未成熟种胚,选择适宜的培养时间提供重要依据。

To breed new moisture-tolerant pak-choi cultivars, the authors made a distant hybridization between pak-choi and watercress, and investigated the effects of pollination date and methods on the cross compatibility and the variations of seed pod lengths of cross combinations. The results showed that only 4 of 19 cross combinations set seeds which were identified as false hybrids, and other cross combinations＇ seed embryo abortion occurred in development; The cross compatibility between pak-choi and watercress was poor, closely related to the genotype of pak-ehoi, and not significantly influenced by the repeated pollination and cut stigma pollination ;The seed pod lengths of cross combinations increased gradually with time though the significance of difference between cross combinations was slightly different. The key period for the seed pods to grow and develop was in 5-15 days after pollination, which was an important basis for choosing a proper culture time in using embryo-culturing technology to rescue immature embryos.