人力资本投资对农民增收贡献度研究——南疆三地州例证

Contribution of human capital investment on increasing farmers' income——Case of the three cities of southern Xinjiang

在解决"三农问题"中,农民收入是最困难也是其最根本的问题。利用南疆三地州2005—2014年的调查数据,运用计量模型对农民人力资本投资(教育投资和健康投资)对农民收入增长的影响进行了实证分析,并得出相关结论:教育投资对农民收入的贡献率很低,仅有16%,而健康投资的贡献率为19%;人力资本投资贡献率相比较其他省份平均贡献率处于低水平,其重要原因在于农村人力资本存量不足,阻碍了农业科技进步的推进、进而影响了农民收入增长。因此,大幅增加农村人力资本投资,提高农业劳动者的综合素质,提高农业科技水平,促进农业生产率(尤其是劳动生产率)的提高,是实现农民增收的根本保证。结合南疆三地州情况给出相应政策建议:加大农村教育建设;积极推进职业教育和科技发展;加大农村医疗投资相关。

In addressing the issue of ＂agriculture, rural areas and farmers＂, farmers＇ income is the most critical, but the most difficult part. With the data in 2005-2014 of three South Xinjiang cities, effects of farmer＇ s human capital investment （education investment and healthcare investment）on the increase of farmer＇s income was empirically analyzed by econometric models. The results showed that the contribution rate of education investment for farmers＇ income was rather low, only 16%, while the contribution rate of healthcare investment reached 19%. Compared to other provinces in China, the contribution rate of human capital investment in Xinjiang was lower than the average level. One of the important reasons was that the stock of human capital in rural areas was inadequate, which hindered the popularization of agricultural science and technology, thus affected the increase of farmers＇ income. Therefore, it was the fundamental guarantee for the increase of farmers＇ income to scale up human capital investment in rural areas, improve the overall quality of farmers, improve the level of agricultural science and technology and promote the improvement of agricultural productivity（ especially the labor productivity）. With the combination of the situation in three South Xinjiang cities, corresponding proposals in agricultural policies were given as follows：keep promoting rural education construction;take the initiative to push forward vocational education and the development of science and technology ; expand rural healthcare investment.